Showing posts with label WRITING. Show all posts
Showing posts with label WRITING. Show all posts

Tuesday, December 30, 2014

English Lesson from Frank Underwood

Kevin Spacey as Frank Underwood
No matter where you’re from or what you believe in, you may agree that those who hold power at any level, and especially those who hold political power have the upper hand on the effective use of language. Anywhere in the world. Any language. After all, language is the tool of choice that politicians use to gain support of their constituents.


The critically minded will usually agree that politicians use that language to tell a story.  The story people want to hear. About values, destiny and the national cause. Believers will buy it. Opponents obviously won’t. Others will not care so long as it doesn’t affect them. But a few out there will read between the lines and figure out that it’s mostly a game. A game where the politicians, their inner circle and business associates win and mostly everybody else loses. A victory achieved by carefully choosing the right words.


So what if a ruthless and cunning politician actually admitted that most of what he or she says was a lie… but only to you. What if this person revealed the truth about everything. The corruption, the deals, the hypocrisy and of course, his or her true goals. Well, that is one of the main drivers behind the success of the Netflix political drama House of Cards. The show follows the story of Frank and Claire Underwood, a Washington power couple on their way to the presidency of the United States.


In each episode, Frank stops for a moment and delivers his real vision of things… to you, the audience. In these confessionary moments, Frank is blunt, dramatic, often has a point, and uses all kinds of linguistic and literary devices to support his message. For the audience, it’s a moment to learn about Underwood’s true intentions. However, for English Users, it’s also a chance to understand the language of power and deception.

Here is a selection of some of these moments. The transcript of each one follows below:



  • “And the butchery begins.”
  • “Any pugilist worth his salt knows when someone's on the rope,that's when you throw a combination to the gut and a left hook to the jaw.”
  • “In Gaffney we had our own brand of diplomacy. Shake with your right hand and have a rock in your left.”
  • “I’ve always loathed the necessity of sleep. Like death, it puts even the most powerful men on their backs.”
  • “The heart can choke the mind when all the blood flows back onto itself.”
  • “There can be no false steps now, the higher up the mountain, the more treacherous the path.”
  • “Good things happen to good people.”
  • “Avoid wars you can't win, and never raise your flag for an asinine cause like slavery.”
  • “When the money’s coming your way, you don’t ask questions.”
  • “This hurts us both. It's not my wound to suture. Claire must be the surgeon. Only she can stop the bleeding.”
  • “The road to power is paved with hypocrisy and casualties. Never regret.”
  • “It's not beginning the story I fear; it's not knowing how it will end. Everyone is fair game now.”
  • "There are two types of vice-presidents, doormats and Matadors, which one do you think I intend to be?"
  • "The only thing more satisfying than convincing someone to do what I want is failing to persuade them on purpose. It's like a do not enter sign, it just begs you to walk through the door."
  • "From the lion's den to a pack of wolves. When you're fresh meat, kill and throw them something fresher."
  • “Even Achilles was only as strong as his heel.”
  • “Every kitten grows up to be a cat. They seem so harmless at first; small, quiet, lapping up their saucer of milk. But once their claws get long enough they draw blood. Sometimes from the hand that feeds them. For those of us climbing to the top of the food chain there can be no mercy. There is but one rule. Hunt or be hunted.”




      Who knows? Maybe more content like this (from around the world) will someday help the believers, the opponents and the indifferent open their eyes just a little so that - as the classic rock song from The Who used to say - “We won’t get fooled again”.


      WATCH House of Cards (Season 1) Trailer
      Discussion Questions for Students and Teachers:

      • Do you watch or have you seen House of Cards?
      • Are there any political dramas in your country which question the current system of politics? If not, would they be allowed?
      • If more people questioned their leadership and political systems, would it change anything?
      • How is fear used as a tool by politicians?
      • Does corruption undermine democracy? Why or why not?
      • Does power corrupt? Why or why not?
      • If you were the president, what's the first thing you would do?

      Writing

      Write 10 sentences about political leaders or governmental systems using some of the vocabulary from this post. CHECK your writing here:


      Wednesday, March 26, 2014

      Writing in Style

      If you're an English User that has to write a lot in English, then you might believe that you need to know all or most of the rules about writing.

      In some cases, there are people who really do learn those rules, but don't worry if you are not one of them.

      Why not? Because there are style guides.

      What is a style guide?




      A style guide is a document that is created by expert writers, editors, managers, or producers to determine how they expect a writer to deal with specific writing issues. Among these we can name the following:
      • grammar issues
      • spelling issues
      • formatting issues
      • general writing recommendations
      A grammar issue could be related to punctuation, use of contractions or even if a certain text should be written in past or present tense. Spelling issues often revolve around whether to use the American or British spelling for words.We recommend the one that is most common for your readers, organization or field.

      There might also be formatting issues related to what font to use for a specific section of the document, report of blog. (Such as this one) And of course, there are always writing considerations regarding the use of jargon or words that are only used by people in a common field. (doctors, accountants, lawyers, etc)

      In business, there are style guides for all types of writing, including emails, reports and business plans. There are also endless guides for academic writers for research papers and special academic documents. And naturally, there are style guides for periodical journal writers such as journalists, columnists and bloggers.

      If you are a business or non-business writer of English as a second language for your organization or for other purposes, it is probably a good idea to develop a manual of style. In other words, you should determine what common elements appear in the writing that need to have specific rules in order to keep the writing consistent and professional to the reader.

      • Spelling
      • Format
      • Line Spacing
      • Paragraph Style
      • Editorial Style (formal, technical, fun, young audience, etc)
      • Text Style
      • Use of images
      • Referencing the work of others

      Perhaps one of the best known style guides in the academic world is the Chicago Manual of Style. It is considered by most writers and editors to be among the most complete. And its style recommendations are useful to non-academic writers as well.

      Below is a short video describing what the Chicago Manual of Style is about.




      However, there are many more options online that are available to writers. Here is a list of some of them:



      American Style Guides
      • Garbl's Editorial Style Manual
        Developed by editor and activist Gary B. Larson, this concise guide offers "writing and editing advice about abbreviations, addresses, capitalization, English grammar, numbers, organization terminology, plurals, possessives, punctuation, spelling, word usage, and the World Wide Web."

      • National Geographic Style Manual
        Online since 1995 and frequently updated by a team of editors, this is an alphabetically arranged guide to "preferred National Geographic Society style and usage."

      • The Tameri Guide for Writers: Generalized Stylebook
        Maintained by Susan D. Schnelbach and Christopher Scott Wyatt, the Tameri Stylebook is "based on the Associated Press Stylebook, which is the primary style guide for reporters and editors at daily newspapers and many periodicals."

      • Wikipedia: Manual of Style
        This style guide for all Wikipedia articles is intended to help editors "write articles with consistent, clear, and precise language, layout, and formatting."
       
      British Style Guides Online
      • The BBC News Styleguide (pdf)
        Written by John Allen, a BBC reporter and editor for the past 40 years, this popular manual "is not a 'do and don't' list but a guide that invites you to explore some of the complexities of modern English usage."

      • Economist.com Style Guide
        John Grimond's online guide is based on the style book followed by journalists at The Economist magazine. The 10th revised edition of the hardback version of the guide was published in 2012.

      • The Guardian, Observer and guardian.co.uk Style Guide
        Edited by David Marsh and Amelia Hodsdon, this is the online version of Guardian Style. The third edition of this witty handbook was published in December 2010.

      • Telegraph Style Book
        Augmented by monthly "style notes" from associate editor Simon Heffer, this is the "official guide to house style" for The Daily Telegraph, The Sunday Telegraph, and Telegraph.co.uk.

      Saturday, August 17, 2013

      PLS Workshops

      Los invitamos a conocer todos nuestros Workshops específicos de inglés para profesionales.


      Tuesday, April 27, 2010

      Deliver SATISFACTION














      Now, let's get something straight. This article is not about music. It's about making your English as a second language delivery style far more satisfying and effective for you and for the rest of us.

      But wait a second…

      Maybe it is a little bit about music. After all, nobody likes to listen to something that isn't music their ears.

      So here is the million dollar question:

      What makes the delivery style of a speaker of English as a Second Language (ESL) satisfying for any listener?

      Perfect grammar? Not really.
      Perfect pronunciation? Try again.
      Sophisticated vocabulary? Ice cold.

      Those are very important, but to reach our goal of listener satisfaction, we need to think outside the box of conventional English courses. In fact, there are just 2 (two) steps to approaching a satisfying delivery style in English as a Second Language:

      1) Use the Logic of English when constructing ideas, sentences or phrases, instead of translating from the Logic of your native language to English.

      2) Develop a sense of tone. In other words, detect and decide how much formality or informality a situation requires, based on the context at hand.

      Delivery style is not rocket science. But just like music, you can learn a lot from assimilating what others do in the same situation. And with the Internet today, you have infinite ways to do that.

      From my experience as a TEFL and communication consultant in Latin America, I know that this is actually the area of most difficulty. Coincidentally, it's also the area most overlooked by English courses offered in Spanish-speaking countries.

      But the reason for this difficulty in delivery style is simple. Native Spanish speakers often implement the same delivery style in English as they do in Spanish. This means they often use long sentences, BIG academic words (of Latin origin), very few verbs (and hardly ever phrasal verbs), too many nouns, inordinate amounts of passive voice and excessive formality.

      Now for our purposes, whether this is the way to go in Spanish is irrelevant. However, in English this delivery style will in most cases undermine the value of your message. It will be perceived as wordy, not entirely candid, and even contrived. Making matters a bit more complex, English Users today have 24/7 access to English thanks to the barrage of mass media that surrounds us. But you have to know when to use what you hear.

      A few years ago, I was assisting a team of young professionals. They were writing a power point presentation about "the complications in aspects of the implementation of the principal stage of the …. program". They wanted to know if the goal was clear. I told them that if you read it 27 times, it’s clear, but it sounds awful in English.

      I pointed out that it would sound more English to say it was about “The challenges of implementing the main stage of the ... program”. In other words, instead of using the lifeless noun “implementation”, we "implement" something. Instead of using "complications in aspects", we use "challenges". Just reading a few power points by native English speakers (which are available… everywhere) will give you more examples of what is normally used for these.

      Then in the next slide, it said, "this is how we wanna do it". Asked why they used it “wanna”, one group member replied, "If Mick Jagger uses it. we can use it too, right?". I understood their dilemma, but reminded them that the leader of the Rolling Stones was most definitely not singing about software architecture, but more informal aspects of life.

      In conclusion, delivery style is all about choosing the right words and the right tone, and in recognizing that English works best when it’s written in "English”. At the very least, it’s good way to ensure that your audience won’t say they ”can't get no satisfaction!" from your message.

      In the weeks ahead, look for more articles and videos that address how to improve your English delivery style.

      GLOSSARY

      get something straight (phrasal verb) - aclarar las cosas de entrada
      outside the box (idiomatic expression) – pensar de manera lateral, no convencional
      rocket science (idiom) - ciencia oculta
      overlooked (adj) - ignorado porque lo pasaron por alto
      the way to go (idiom) - lo que hay que hacer
      undermine (verb t.) - socavar
      wordy (adj) - con palabrería
      candid (adj) - franco
      contrived (adj) - forzado
      24/7 (idiom) - las 24 hs, todos los días de la semana

      © 2010 Paul Ponce

      Monday, February 22, 2010

      Coming home in style... sort of













      PLS ENGLISH USERS HOST PAUL POSTED A LETTER.
      READ IT AND CHECK THE VOCABULARY AT THE END:

      Dear English Users,

      My vacation has come to an end. Today, I'm coming home to my favorite roadside stop on the web.

      And you'll never believe it! The boss was really cool and sent the company jet to get me. But that's the good news.

      The bad news is the pilot drank the water over here. He got really sick. Now, he'll have to stay a few days to recover.

      So guess who has to fly himself home? But I look at it this way. If I can teach future perfect continuous (passive) to false beginners, I can fly a LearJet.

      Just in case, wish me luck.

      Warm Regards,
      Paul

      ----------------------
      TARGET VOCUBULARY

      sort of: an idiomatic expression at the end of statement indicating uncertainty
      host: the person who conducts an activity or show
      to come to an end: to finish
      you'll never believe it: you will be surprised
      to be cool: to have an attitude and style that people really like
      to get me (someone): to transport me (someone)
      over here: in this place
      get sick: to become ill
      recover: to return to good health
      future perfect continuous: a difficult verb tense
      just in case: in the unlikely event that something happens...
      luck: good fortune